Companies are re-engineering their supply chains toLogistics facility planningWhen planning a warehouse, the base strategy of ``where and how big to set up a warehouse'' is the lifeblood of management.Currently functioning as a full-fledged "logistics center/delivery center" throughout Japan.Number of logistics basesteeth,Approximately 25,000 to 30,000 locationsIt is estimated that there are (this is equivalent to approximately 24,000 to slightly more post offices nationwide).
In this chapter, we will discuss the components that make up this huge infrastructure network.Number of logistics basesEstimate the breakdown of each facility andlarge center、Medium-sized distribution center、small scale distribution centerWe will classify the facilities into three scales and provide an in-depth explanation of the role of each facility and the legal and cost dynamics behind its development.
Logistics facility planningOn-site, the area required varies greatly depending on the products being handled and the size of the delivery area.The following is an estimate for Japan.Number of logistics basesThis is the breakdown.
"Multi-tenant type (huge rental facilities housing multiple companies)" that have been rapidly increasing around expressway interchanges (ICs) in recent years, and huge hub centers (fulfillment centers) for major e-commerce sites, etc.large centerApplies to.It functions as the "heart" for centrally storing millions of items of inventory in a wide area network and transporting them to regional hubs.This facility offers overwhelming economies of scale through the introduction of automated equipment.
These include truck terminals that serve mid-region areas such as prefectures and multiple municipalities, delivery centers exclusively for daily deliveries to supermarkets and convenience stores, and warehouses exclusively used by manufacturers and wholesalers.It is the most widespread and mainstay of Japan's logistics network, and is the mainstay of Japan's logistics network.Number of logistics basesThis accounts for the majority ofMedium-sized distribution centeris.
Regional sales offices (last mile delivery bases) of delivery services such as Yamato Transport and Sagawa Express, and small cargo handling facilities (depots) in urban areas where land prices are high.small scale distribution centerIncluded inIt does not have a bulk storage function, and is designed primarily for quick "cross-docking" from large trucks to small delivery vans.
📌 [Supplement] The total number of warehouses and the strict reality of "commercial warehouses"
Including tractor sheds for agricultural work and narrow backyards of retail stores, there are hundreds of thousands of warehouses in Japan, but the number of "distribution centers" that are essentially responsible for inter-company logistics is limited to approximately 30,000 buildings with an area of 1,000 square meters or more.
Furthermore, if you are conducting a business in which you receive storage fees by storing luggage from other companies rather than owning your own luggage, we recommend that you use a registration system that meets the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism's strict facility standards (earthquake resistance, crime prevention, fire prevention, etc.)."Business warehouse"Must be.According to the statistics for 2020, the actual situation is very limited as shown below.
・Regular warehouse operating companies: Approximately 5,600 companies / Refrigerated warehouse operating companies: Approximately 1,260 companies
・Estimated number of commercial warehouses:Only about 10,000 to 12,000 buildings nationwide
Logistics facility planningIn consulting, the following classifications are generally used based on "total floor area."
New construction near expressway interchange in suburbslarge centerHowever, there is a reason why they are all ``square, 4- to 5-story buildings.''Behind this uniform appearance,Logistics facility planningThere are strong construction-related laws and regulations that restrict construction, and extremely rational calculations based on the developer's investment efficiency.
Japan's Building Standards Law requires building heights to be set in consideration of the limits of firefighting efforts in the event of a fire.If the height exceeds 31m, installation of an "emergency elevator" is strictly required..Not only are these emergency elevators expensive to install and maintain, they also take up a large amount of the most valuable leasable floor space in a warehouse.Therefore, in order to maximize profitability while minimizing construction costs, the golden rule for developers is to design the building to be ``barely under 31m in height.''
modernLogistics facility planningIn order to efficiently handle cargo using forklifts and to accommodate high-rise pallet racks stacked in 3 or 4 tiers, the effective ceiling height under the beam must be5.5m~6.0mIt is an essential requirement from tenants to ensure that.Under the absolute height restriction of ``less than 31m,'' if you ensure an effective ceiling height of 5.5m + floor slab thickness, the physical limit is ``4 stories'' or ``5 stories.''
large centerIn industrial areas where buildings are being built, there are many cases where the designated floor area ratio is ``200%'' and the building coverage ratio is ``50%'' according to the City Planning Act.In order to recover high land costs, it is necessary to use up the floor area ratio, and the formula ``50% building coverage ratio x 4th floor = 200% floor area ratio'' holds true.This makes it possible to use 100% of the land's allowable floor space without wasting any waste by building a four-story building.
📌 Final conclusion
As a result of solving the puzzle of ``maximizing profits by avoiding the legal height limit of 31m and reducing costs, maintaining high ceilings (5.5m), and maximizing profits by exactly meeting the allowable floor area ratio (200%) allowed for the land'', we found the current optimal solution to be the most rational."A perfect square facility with 4 to 5 floors"is here to stay.